مروری بر آمیخته‌های پلی‌یورتان‌-آلژینات: تهیه، خواص و کاربردها

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 اصفهان، دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشکده شیمی، گروه شیمی پلیمر، صندوق پستی ۷۳۴۴١-٨١۷۴٦

2 تهران، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، پژوهشکده علوم، گروه پلی‌یورتان و پلیمرهای پیشرفته، صندوق پستی 112-14975

چکیده

استفاده از  پلیمرهای سنتزی با محدودیت‌هایی از قبیل قوانین سختگیرانه‌ زیست‌محیطی، محدودیت تأمین منابع مواد اولیه و هزینه‌ زیاد تولید مواجه است. بنابراین، پلیمرهای طبیعی مانند پلی‌ساکاریدها به‌ویژه نشاسته، سلولوز، همی‌سلولوز، کیتین، کیتوسان، آلژینات، گلوکومانان و آگار به‌دلیل  خواصی از جمله زیست‌سازگاری و زیست‌تخریب‌پذیری کاربردهای گسترده‌ای در مصارف صنعتی پیدا کرده‌اند. با وجود این، مشکل اصلی این پلیمرها خواص مکانیکی ضعیف و فرایندپذیری آن‌هاست که کاربرد آن‌ها را با محدودیت مواجه کرده‌است. آلژینات، پلیمر طبیعی پلی‌ساکاریدی آنیونی زیست‌تخریب‌پذیر، زیست‌سازگار، غیرسمی، آب‌دوست و ارزان‌قیمت است که به‌عنوان بخشی از اجزای ساختاری باکتری‌ها و جلبک‌های قهوه‌ای در طبیعت یافت می‌شود. آلژینات را می‌توان با برخی فرایندهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی به‌راحتی اصلاح و از آن مشتقات گوناگون ساخت. مواد مشتق‌شده از آلژینات ساختار، عملکرد و خواص متفاوتی دارند که استحکام مکانیکی، زیست‌سازگاری با یاخته‌های زنده و خاصیت ژل‌شدن را بهبود می‌بخشند. پلی‌یورتان‌ها به‌دلیل خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی منحصربه‌فرد و تنظیم‌پذیر نظیر انعطاف‌پذیری، سختی، مقاومت به ضربه و رطوبت در صنایع گوناگونی مانند صنایع خودروسازی، الکترونیک، پوشاک، پزشکی و در پوشش‌ها کاربرد گسترده‌ای دارند. با توجه به خواص نام‌برده برای آلژینات و پلی‌یورتان‌ها، پژوهش‌های فراوانی درباره آمیختن این دو ماده در ساخت مواد با خواص ویژه و جدید  انجام شده است. در این مقاله، ابتدا مروری بر آلژینات و مشتقات آن‌ها به‌عنوان پلیمر طبیعی به‌همراه بررسی ساختار، خواص و کاربرد آن‌ها انجام شده است. همچنین افزون بر معرفی پلی‌یورتان‌ها، مقالات مربوط به آمیخته پلی‌یورتان و آلژینات به‌شکل‌های مختلف از جمله فیلم‌ها، غشاهای الاستومری، نانوکامپوزیت‌ها، هیدروژل‌ها، شبکه‌ها‌ی یونی ابرمولکولی، داربست‌های متخلخل و اسفنج‌ها در کاربردهای گوناگون نظیر سامانه‌های رهایش دارو، زخم‌پوش‌ها، مواد مقاوم در برابر آتش و جاذب‌ها بررسی شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Polyurethane/Alginate Blends: A Review Account on Preparation, Properties and Applications

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sarvenaz Nasrollahi 1
  • Abbas Mohammadi 1
  • Hengameh Honarkar 2
1 Department of Organic Chemistry and Polymer, Fculty of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Postal Code 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
2 Departement of Polyurethane and Advanced Polymers, Faculty of Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The production and consumption of synthetic polymers have faced limitations such as strict environmental laws, limited supply of raw materials, and high production costs. Therefore, natural polymers, especially polysaccharides like starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, chitosan, alginate, glucomannan, and agar have found wide applications for various industrial uses due to their properties, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the main problem with these polymers is their weak mechanical properties and processability, which have limited their use. Alginate is a biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, hydrophilic, and inexpensive biopolymer that is found as part of the structural components of bacteria and brown algae in nature. Alginate can be easily modified through some physical and chemical processes and its various derivatives. The new alginate derivatives have different structures, functions, and properties, including improved mechanical strength cell affinity, and gelation properties. Polyurethanes have a wide range of applications in various industries, such as automotive, electronics, textiles, medical devices coatings, and insulation, due to their unique physical and chemical properties that can be tuned, such as flexibility, hardness, impact resistance, and moisture resistance Considering the above features of alginate and polyurethanes, extensive research has been conducted on the combination of these two materials to create new materials with special properties and novel characteristics. This article is an introduction on alginate and its derivatives as a natural polymer; and while discussing their structure properties and applications, an such extended review is presented on polyurethane alginate mixtures in various forms as films, elastomeric membranes, nanocomposites hydrogels, supramolecular ionic networks, porous scaffolds, and foams in various applications such as drug delivery systems, wound dressings, fire-resistant materials and adsorbents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polyurethane
  • Alginate
  • Syntesis
  • Properties
  • Application

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 37، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 190
خرداد و تیر 1403
صفحه 101-126

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